How to treat tooth decay

Throughout the day, consuming sugary foods and drinks causes bacteria in the mouth to form plaque on the teeth. This plaque can weaken the mineral structure of the enamel, leading to tooth decay and, over time, the formation of cavities. The visible pits and dark spots on the teeth make it easy to diagnose cavities.

However, in cases where the cavities aren’t visible on the surface, diagnostic tools like dental X-rays may be needed. Cavities can occur in areas where tooth cusps meet or along the gum line, and hidden cavities between teeth may take longer to detect. Patients typically consult a dentist when they start experiencing pain. Pain may arise when eating or drinking something hot, cold, sweet, or sour, and its intensity varies from person to person. While the pain subsides when the trigger is removed, untreated decay can lead to persistent pain. Signs of tooth decay vary depending on its location, size, and depth, and typically include:
  • Increased sensitivity to hot and cold
  • Sudden toothache
  • Noticeable holes or discolorations on the tooth surface
  • Pain when biting down on food
  • A distinct smell of decay in the mouth
How Is Tooth Decay Treated? The treatment for tooth decay depends on its severity. In the early stages, fluoride treatments may help strengthen the enamel. This process, known as remineralization, involves applying fluoride in gel, liquid, or varnish form to halt the progression of decay. For more advanced decay, the decayed portion is removed, and the cavity is filled with a dental filling. Dental fillings can be made from materials such as silver amalgam or composite resin. When the decay reaches the root and damages the pulp tissue, a root canal treatment becomes necessary. In this procedure, an opening is made in the tooth to remove the nerve, and the tooth is sealed with a filling. In cases where root canal treatment is not possible, the tooth may need to be extracted, followed by bridge or implant options to replace the missing tooth. How to Prevent Tooth Decay? Proper oral hygiene, including regular brushing and flossing, helps eliminate plaque and acids that cause tooth decay. For effective dental and gum care:
  • Brush your teeth at least twice daily, ideally after meals, using fluoride toothpaste.
  • Limit the intake of starchy and sugary foods.
  • Use dental floss daily to remove plaque and food particles between teeth.
  • Visit the dentist every six months for regular checkups.
  • Limit acidic beverages; if brushing isn’t possible, use mouthwash.
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